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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=89TT0838>
<link 93TG0024>
<title>
Mar. 27, 1989: Into The Pipeline
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
Mar. 27, 1989 Is Anything Safe?
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
NATION, Page 38
Into the Pipeline
</hdr><body>
<p>By Anastasia Toufexis
</p>
<p> People are just as anxious about water as they are about
food. That is understandable, since roughly 1,000 contaminants
have been detected in public supplies and virtually every major
water source is vulnerable to pollution. About half the U.S.
population relies on surface water -- from rivers, lakes and
reservoirs that may harbor industrial wastes and pesticides
washed off fields by rain. The other half uses groundwater --
from underground wells and springs that may be tainted by
chemicals slowly seeping in from toxic-waste dumps. In some
areas where groundwater supplies are being gradually depleted,
the chemical pollutants are becoming more concentrated.
</p>
<p> The EPA sets standards for water safety, but has been slow
to formulate limits. So far, maximum levels have been decided
for some 30 contaminants, less than half the number ordered by
Congress. Moreover, critics complain that there is no monitoring
of water in the home.
</p>
<p> Most pollutants are probably not present in large enough
concentrations to pose significant health hazards. But there
are a few worrisome exceptions. Radon, a radioactive gas that
gets into the air from soil and rocks, is also present in some
water supplies. Rick Cothern, a member of the EPA's Science
Advisory Board, points out that when the contaminated water
pours out of a tap or shower head, the radon can pass into the
air inside a home. He believes that radon from water may cause
a few hundred cases of cancer each year. Those cases might be
prevented if municipalities or homeowners installed equipment
designed to aerate water -- and thus remove radon -- before it
enters houses.
</p>
<p> By far the most widespread chemical danger in water is
lead, which can cause high blood pressure, arm and leg pains,
nausea and vomiting. Lead is especially hazardous to children,
since it impairs the development of brain cells. The EPA
estimates that at least 42 million Americans are exposed to
unacceptably high levels of lead, and the U.S. Public Health
Service says that perhaps 9 million children are at least
slightly affected by it.
</p>
<p> The contamination comes from old lead piping and solder
that have been used in plumbing for generations. These materials
are gradually being replaced in homes and water systems. Says
Eugene Rosov, who runs a water-testing company in Manchester,
N.H.: "The '60s was the decade we attacked lead in paint. In the
'70s we went after lead in the air from gasoline emissions. Now
we are doing something about lead in drinking water."
</p>
<p> What individuals can and should do is have their water
tested for lead by a certified lab. If the level is too high,
they can investigate ways to deal with the problem or switch to
bottled water for drinking and cooking. Even then, caution is
called for: some bottled waters contain many of the same
contaminants that tap water does. The only way to know what is
in the bottled water is to have it tested too.
</p>
<p> But no matter how many times people test their water or how
carefully they read the labels of food packages or how closely
they scan the newspapers for reports of pesticide scares, they
can never be 100% sure that what they eat and drink is 100%
safe. Such a guarantee has never existed and never will.
Nonetheless, the odds of surviving the daily chemical feast seem
pretty good. If food and water were as dangerous as some people
think, a lot more of us would be getting sick. U.S. food and
water supplies have undeniable problems that need increased
attention from the Government and consumers. Even so, the
current climate of panic and paranoia is an overreaction. </p>
</body></article>
</text>